With the continuous development of automobile technology, the headlights of vehicles have also developed, from halogen headlights, xenon headlights to LED headlights, and even futuristic laser headlights, all appearing on different models one after another. The editor today will introduce the characteristics of different types of vehicle headlights.
Halogen lamp
Halogen car headlights are widely used in the field of automotive lighting. The principle is to use a resistor to generate heat when current passes through. When the temperature is high enough, it emits black body radiation with a wavelength in the visible light band. It is generally divided into iodine tungsten lamps and bromine tungsten lamps. After different incandescent lamps are lit, although the filament temperature is not as high as the boiling point of tungsten, a small amount of tungsten will still volatilize at high temperatures. When the volatilized tungsten is cold, it will condense, and soon a blackened surface will form on the inner wall of the bulb. Tungsten film.
And if iodine is added to the bulb of a car headlight, when tungsten volatilizes at a high temperature, it will chemically react with iodine and form a compound with a low boiling point-tungsten iodide, and tungsten iodide will react to a high temperature. Decomposes, so that tungsten will adhere to the filament again and iodine will continue to free as a gas between the filament and the housing. Repeatedly, the frequency of tungsten filament consumption will be greatly reduced, and the service life of halogen car headlights will be correspondingly prolonged.
Advantages: low cost, relatively simple production; longer service life and higher luminous efficiency than ordinary incandescent lamps; strong light penetration.
Disadvantages: the brightness is not high enough; the heat production is high, the temperature is high; the light source is not concentrated enough.
Xenon headlights
The xenon car headlight is a gas discharge lamp. After the 12V voltage of the battery is instantly increased to a trigger voltage above 23kV by using a matching electronic ballast, high-voltage pulses are applied between the metal electrodes in a completely sealed miniature quartz bulb. Encourage the substances in the bulb (xenon gas, a small amount of mercury vapor, and metal halides) to ionize in the arc to produce light.
Xenon bulbs use a light color similar to that of sunlight, but contain more green and blue components, so they present blue-white light. This blue-white light greatly increases the brightness of road signs and signs. The luminous flux of xenon car headlights is more than twice that of halogen lamps. At the same time, the efficiency of converting electric energy into light energy is also 70% higher than that of halogen lamps. Therefore, it can effectively expand the visual range in front of the vehicle, thereby creating a safer Driving conditions.
Advantages: Xenon bulbs have three times higher light intensity than ordinary halogen bulbs, but consume only two-thirds of the energy; longer life; strong power saving; xenon bulbs use light colors similar to daylight, creating for drivers Better visual conditions.
Disadvantages: the price is relatively expensive; the startup takes time, has a delay, and the internal gas needs to reach a certain temperature; the high color temperature leads to poor penetration.
LED headlights
LED is a solid-state semiconductor device that can convert electrical energy into visible light. It can directly convert electricity into light. The luminous efficiency of LED is higher, the energy consumption is only 1/20 of halogen lamp, and its service life is as long as 100,000 hours, and there is basically no need to replace it during the design life of the vehicle. In addition, its volume is small, compact and easy to layout and design.
The lighting of LED headlights only needs microseconds, and it can quickly achieve warning effects when used on taillights and turn signals. The LED headlights have high brightness, which can be driven by low-voltage direct current, and have low requirements for the use environment. Unlike xenon lamps, they also need a booster device.
Advantages: energy saving and environmental protection; long life; can be lit instantly without delay; good durability; low pressure safety; small single size, so that designers can design more styles.
Disadvantages: LED clusters have high heat dissipation and are easily damaged.
Laser headlights
The light-emitting element of the laser headlight is a laser diode, which is inextricably linked with the LED diode. In terms of irradiation distance, the laser headlights can irradiate a range of 600 meters in front. The models with LED high beams can only reach 300 meters.
Advantages: Similar to the advantages of LED headlights, energy saving, long life, low brightness attenuation, small size and fast response speed.
Disadvantages: Insufficient divergence at close range, it can be matched with LED light source.
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