How is the news studio lighting?

The size of the news studio is generally 40~80m2, and it is necessary to set up a broadcasting station, a beautiful background and a camera. The unit with good condition has 2~3 cameras, and the reminder and the back color supervisor are configured. Before designing the lighting, according to the actual conditions such as the space of the studio, the background and the beauty background of the news program, including its shape, color tone, size ratio and position. Because the main body of the picture is an announcer, when lighting, the person should be set off with the scenery, and the layering of people and scenery can be delineated by different light and different light ratios. In practical applications, the distance between the sounding station and the background should be as far as possible, generally not less than 2m, leaving enough room for lighting, which is easy to solve the problem of easy interaction between the person's light and the background light.

Second, the lighting design

Before determining the lighting scheme, it is necessary to know in detail the performance characteristics of the video recording equipment used, and to analyze the facial features of the announcer, and also consider other modeling methods (such as hair style, fabric and color) to shape the characters. The effect is to achieve the desired picture effect by lighting.

The lighting procedure is generally to first cloth the person's light, the back cloth background light, and then the cloth to modify the light. It is also possible to first cloth the background light, then the cloth light, and then the light. Regardless of which kind of light is first placed, the effect light should be controlled within the effective range, and the excess scattered light should be blocked to avoid interference of light at different angles to affect the overall effect.

1. Cloth background light

When the cloth is in the background light, it is necessary to avoid or repair the residual light that is irradiated to the announcer due to the background light of the cloth, otherwise it will affect the character shape of the next step. It is usually arranged on the sides, front or back of the scene, and the range of movement of the lamp can be determined according to the scene. The light ratio is also determined by the scene. Some backgrounds themselves have illuminants. Some of the scenes are more complex in structure and have concave and convex surfaces. When illuminating, they must reflect the characteristics of the scene, and also consider the shadows caused by the illumination of the lights to affect the beauty of the dance. When lighting, you can classify the lighting, that is, first cloth, then cloth, distinguish between lighting, use light ratio, light color to highlight the level of the scene. The brightness of the background light is lower than that of the person's light, and the ratio of the light to the person's light should be between 1:1.5 and 1:2. In short, when the background light is used, the shadow should be reduced as much as possible, and the excess light should be controlled behind the announcer. In the use of color, do not be too deep or too complicated. Light or neutral colors should be used. If the color is too heavy, it will affect the announcer. Clothing and image have caused the audience to win over.

2. Character lighting

After the background light is clothed, the backlight can be turned off first, and the independent characters can be lighted. If it is a male and female double broadcast, it is necessary to determine the main light position according to the facial features of the male and female broadcasters; if the difference between the two faces is large, the main light needs to be set separately, and the height and angle of the light position are determined according to the face type. The main light is the main light source of the character shape. It is the light that shapes the character image, reflects the contour of the character and the temperament of the skin color. The azimuth angle of the lamp depends on the face and facial features of the character. In general, the main light is on the side of the announcer. The lamp position of the female announcer in the cloth light should not be too high or too far, especially for the broadcaster who has wrinkles on the face, and the height and side of the lamp position should be mastered. The position of the main light is generally 30 to 50 degrees of parallelism, and the height of the nose is preferably lower than the nose clip when sitting. If the announcer is a line-shaped high nose bridge, the lamp position should not be over the side, and the light should not be too hard. Soft light paper can be used to soften the light. It should be noted that the character lighting should not be scattered to the background, otherwise it will affect the level of the overall picture. If the lamp position can't be avoided, it can be blocked by the scorpion leaf. If the scorpion leaf has a virtual shadow, add a black cardboard to the scorpion leaf to lengthen the occlusion, or use a light barrier.

3. Auxiliary light

Also called sub-light, is used to make up for the lack of the main light, the other side of the main light is not enough to help the main light to shape the image, increase the texture and the level of facial transition, it plays a role in filling the shadow of the main light. effect. Auxiliary light should use a soft light, preferably a secondary reflective soft light. If it is a spotlight, add soft paper to the leaf. Depending on the brightness, two layers of soft-light paper can be added. One layer is applied to the lens port and the other layer is added to the front of the leaf to increase the softness. The position of the lamp can be set according to the position of the main light and the face and hairstyle of the announcer. Generally, the shadow of the auxiliary light should not pass through the bridge of the nose. Otherwise, there will be a butterfly-type nose shadow. The ratio of brightness to the brightness of the main light is 2:1~2:1.5. It is appropriate.

4. Face light

That is, the light on the front of the aircraft is used to illuminate the front of the person. The position of the lamp is generally on the height of the face of the person, and it is about 30° on the plane. It is also possible to use double-lamp surface light, that is, first to use a soft light for facial illumination, and then to use a small light to add eye light, especially in the case of a reminder or an announcer having a lower eye bag, respectively, but separately using surface lighting, but It is necessary to use a light blocking plate to block the light that is not conducive to the character shape. If the announcer has a lower eye bag, it must be partially supplemented with low-angle light. At this time, the light below the bridge of the nose should be blocked, otherwise there will be a garlic nose and affect the appearance of the lip. The face light should help the main light shape, make the face of the character layered, and have a look of light. Eyes are better with a little eyeball, not one or more. When the announcer broadcasts, the teeth and tongue should be clear and natural, and the brightness should be controlled to minimize new shadows, especially the shadows of the jaws and the shadows of the background. Otherwise, the face appears cluttered and the picture is not clean.

5. Backlighting

Also known as contour light, it is used to delineate the lines of people's lines and stereoscopic contours. It can enhance the depth of the picture, highlighting the level of people and scenes, and can reflect the texture and three-dimensionality of hair accessories and shoulder clothing. The lamp position is generally 45~65° on the back of the announcer. The brightness must be higher than the main light. The light ratio should be about 2:1, but it should not be too bright, otherwise it will produce an unnatural feeling.

6. Flow light

Also known as modified light, it is temporarily used for local modification in special cases. If the announcer wears dark clothing, the color and texture of the costume cannot be reflected, and it is necessary to strengthen it locally. It should be noted that there must be no residual light scattered to the face, and the residual light should be blocked by the light barrier. Sometimes the announcer may have uneven cheeks due to lack of sleep or other reasons. The flow light and soft paper can be used to make detailed supplements on the thin side. The flow lamp should not be too bright, generally below 1 kW. The lamp position should be determined according to the specific situation. The angle should be reasonable and the light should be specific.

Fourth, lighting skills

1. Character light

After the announcer has been modeled in other ways, the lighting engineer will classify the lighting according to the characteristics of the announcer to perform the correct lighting modeling. The style, length and length of the face, the color of the powder, the color of the clothing, the color, etc. are not conducive to the lighting, which will directly affect the lighting method and the effect of the lighting. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the reasonable aesthetic requirements of the announcer. Some fat, thin or other reasons need to use light to accurately represent the reduced type that is slightly more beautiful than the original one; some need to reshape the image through the lighting technique. It should be noted that no matter what method or means is adopted, it must conform to the main style of the news image.

2. Main light

In the case of news broadcast composition, in the case of single broadcast, the character is generally taken slightly to the side in the middle of the screen; the sitting posture of the double broadcast is the inward of the left and right shoulders of the two people, that is, the face of the left person faces to the right, the face of the right face The department is to the left. The main light is positioned according to the direction of the announcer's face and line of sight, which side the face and body are biased, and which side the main light is placed on. When the two broadcasts, the main light can be crossed and illuminated separately, that is, the left lamp lights the right person, and the right light draws the left character, so that the character shape can be restored, not deformed, and the head shadow is natural. Sometimes when the announcer's face is asymmetrical, the main light should be placed on the perfect side of the face, so that the light is stenciled and highlighted to cover the other side of the defect; while the thin side of the face is illuminated by the main light. After the type, it looks full, and the resulting contrast of the light and shadow makes the other side visually dim, and the whole looks symmetrical. If the face line of sight is inconsistent with the defect, the position of the announcer needs to be adjusted.

Some announcers have a well-proportioned face, but the nose clips are protruded on both sides or there is a nose shadow on the side of the triangle, and there are lower eye bags. When the cloth is lighted, the former main light position cannot pass the side. If it needs to be thinner, the height of the lamp can be increased accordingly; In the latter case, the lamp position should be lowered appropriately or the side of the lamp should be adjusted. Most of the above situations are caused by poor main light position, or it may be because the announcer's line of sight is low. If the main light is adjusted to the best position, the above phenomenon cannot be avoided. A small power lamp can be used to separately replenish the lower eye bag and block the excess light. The height of the camera can also be adjusted to make the announcer's line of sight, face shape and light. Shaped to the best angle. In special cases, the lateral range of the main light can be around 85°. This kind of lighting is generally used for male announcers or announcers with inconspicuous lines. When using this method to illuminate, the side of the auxiliary light should be small, and the light ratio should be mastered, otherwise it will cause the light to be immersed, and the face of the announcer will be bloated; and the light of the female announcer should not be used with the larger side. Bit, the height of the lamp can be adjusted appropriately.

3. Female announcer

When the female announcer is clothed, it is necessary to beautify according to different forms, faces, hair styles and temperament. According to the image of the announcer, a reasonable image should be made, the luminaire should be selected correctly and the lighting plan should be determined.

When lighting a female announcer, the lamp position should not be too high or too far, otherwise it will affect the effect of the facial skin. Under normal circumstances, for long-faced broadcasters, the sidelights of the main light position are 30~45°, the height is about 35° above the level of the announcer's head, and the distance between the lights and the characters should be about 2.5m. If you want to strengthen the line of the character or make it thinner, increase the height and side of the lamp appropriately, and vice versa, reduce the height and side, but you must handle the auxiliary light and the surface light. In general, the height of the auxiliary light should be lower than the main light. If the main light is a spotlight, the female announcer should add soft paper to soften the light, and the auxiliary light should use a secondary reflected soft light. The distance between the light and the person is greater than the main light to enhance the softness of the light. And the degree of scattering. The spotlight is made of spotlight and soft-light paper. If it is double-sounding, it uses double-lamp surface light. It must be noted that the light and shadow should be clean and not interfere with each other. Backlighting uses spotlights. The lamp position depends on the hair style and hair quality. Under straight and oily conditions, the lamp position should not be too high or too high. Otherwise, a bright edge will be produced. A double reflector lamp can be used for the top light. The announcer is just above the back and can't move forward, otherwise it will destroy the shape of the face and create new shadows. If it is curly and loose and non-oily, it can increase the height of the backlight, and highlight the contour and hair separately from the top light. This method of illuminating is simple, the face is clean, the shadow is small, and the image is natural.

4. Handling of shadows

In the lighting, there are often obvious shadows caused by the use of light plastic molding, such as nose shadow, neck shadow, eye shadow and background head shadow, which affects the character image and affects the overall effect of the picture. When lighting, first of all, according to the character's image characteristics, shaping intentions, accurately set the main light position; after the best light position is selected, if the aforementioned shadow appears, it should be treated differently. For example, if the shadow of the main light is heavy and the height of the lamp is the best, you can first add soft paper to the main light to reduce the shadow, or reduce the side of the lamp to a little, and put the shadow on the shoulder and back. The shape and light and shadow, then use the auxiliary light that is softer than the main light to fill in the light. When the auxiliary light can not be solved and affect the shaping, the height and side of the auxiliary light position must be adjusted, and then supplemented with the surface light. It is necessary to note that the height, side and brightness of the main light, auxiliary light and surface light are closely related. When some shadows appear, the main light must not be moved when the main light is fixed. Other methods can be found. . If the neck is crossed by the main light and the auxiliary light and the light and heavy shadows can be used, a small power lamp and soft paper can be placed on the side of the auxiliary light at 20°, which is lower than the face of the person for individual reflection, but must be blocked. A light board or other black board is placed on the light stand to block the light above the chin. Another example is the processing of background masculinity, which causes two reasons for background phantom: one is low face light; the other is that the distance between the announcer and the background is not enough. The solution is: first look at the camera? Presiding station? There is no free space between the three backgrounds; secondly, put the surface light directly above the camera or improve the surface light, if the image and eye light of the announcer is caused by the improvement of the surface light, If the tongue of the oral tooth is dull, add a small power lamp and soft paper, and use the sacral leaf or light barrier to control the scattered light. Do not affect the level of other scenes. The light should be placed next to the camera on the side of the auxiliary light. Irradiate separately, but control the brightness.

5. Background spot processing

At present, there are three methods for making news backgrounds: (1) making structures with wood or steel, the main content is made of plexiglass to make different patterns, and then with fluorescent lamps or neon lights; (2) using plastic lighting cloth for painting , stretched on the frame; (3) make a variety of shapes, graphics of the real scene, and then spray a different color of the transition color pattern. When the first two backgrounds are lighted, there will often be background reflections and even more spots, which will bring great difficulties to the lighting. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to control the light of the characters within the effective range as much as possible, and to block the excess light. There are two ways to make the background: (1) Put the base of the background frame on the roller, you can move back and forth, and the middle is bounded. If the reflective point is on the left, move the left frame forward to eliminate the spot; (2) When making the background frame, the frame is made vertically parallel, and the frame of the fixed plate or the spray cloth behind the frame is made larger than the face frame. When installing, the upper part is close to the upper part of the frame, and the lower part is lower. Move back about 15~20cm and bend it in parallel to eliminate the spot.