The birth of the drone dates back to 1914. At that time, the First World War was in full swing. The two generals of Germany, Kader and Piccher, made a suggestion to the British Military Aviation Society of the British Unmanned Aircraft: developing a kind of driving without radio. The small aircraft allowed it to fly over a target area of ​​the enemy and cast a bomb that was previously loaded on a small plane. After that, the military drone was born.
Since the consumer drone entered the public view in 2014, it has maintained a high degree of attention. As the drone industry continues to heat up, the entire consumer-grade UAV market is rapidly expanding and showing an explosive growth. According to the data of the research institute EVTank, in the three years from 2013 to 2015, the global sales of civilian drones were 150,000, 378,000 and 570,000 respectively, of which the consumer-grade market demand was professional-grade drones. It is about twice as fast and grows at a rate of 50% per year.
This article has collected the most complete UAV knowledge in the world, including classification, technical difficulties, development history, industry chain, related policies, market analysis... I hope this article can take you into the world of drones.
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1. What is the drone?
The UAV is the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, a non-manned aircraft that uses radio remote control equipment and self-contained program control devices, including unmanned helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, multi-rotor aircraft, and unmanned airships. Unmanned parachute wing. Broadly speaking, it also includes adjacent space vehicles (20-100 km airspace), such as stratospheric airships, high air balls, solar drones, etc. From a certain point of view, the drone can complete complex air missions and various load tasks under unmanned conditions, and can be regarded as an "airborne robot ."
According to different platform configurations, the drones can be mainly composed of fixed-wing UAVs, unmanned helicopters and multi-rotor UAVs. Other small-type UAV platforms also include UAV UAVs and flapping wings. Man-machines and unmanned spacecraft. The fixed-wing UAV is the mainstream platform for military and most civilian UAVs. The biggest feature is the faster flight speed; the unmanned helicopter is the most flexible UAV platform, which can take off and hover vertically; multi-rotor The (multi-axis) drone is the platform of choice for consumer and some civilian applications. The flexibility is between the fixed wing and the helicopter (lifting requires thrust), but it is simple to operate and low in cost.
According to different fields of use, drones can be divided into three categories: military, civilian and consumer. The performance requirements of drones are biased:
1) Military drones have higher requirements for sensitivity, flight altitude, intelligence, etc., and are the highest level of drones, including reconnaissance, decoy, electronic countermeasures, communication relays, drones, and unmanned combat aircraft. model;
2) Civil drones generally have lower requirements for speed, ceiling and range, but have higher requirements for personnel operation training and comprehensive cost. Therefore, it is necessary to form a mature industrial chain to provide the lowest possible parts and support. Service, at present, the biggest market for civilian drones lies in the provision of government public services, such as police, fire, and meteorology, which account for about 70% of total demand, and we believe that the market with the greatest potential for future drones may In civilian use, new market demand may appear in the fields of agricultural plant protection, cargo speed, air wireless network, data acquisition, etc.;
3) Consumer-grade drones generally use low-cost multi-rotor platforms for aerial photography, games and other recreational purposes.
Figure: The composition of the world's civilian drone use.
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