In March 2015, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Several Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of the Power System", explicitly mentioning the need to encourage the application of energy storage technologies and information technologies to improve energy efficiency.
As a supporting industry and key driver of energy structure adjustment, energy storage was first written into national energy planning documents as a key innovation area. It is estimated that by 2020, China's chemical storage capacity will reach 67GW, a thousand times increase. All kinds of energy storage battery technologies are flourishing, and they are developing rapidly in the fields of large-scale power storage, household energy storage, and backup power storage.
Waiting for the policy to start a new model for the influx of energy storage industry
At present, the global energy storage industry revolution is further deepening. The commanding heights of the energy storage industry represent the competitiveness of the future national energy industry, and energy storage has received sufficient attention at the national level. The government has introduced a variety of policies to help the development of the energy storage market. The national energy development strategy plan and the new round of power reform programs have promoted the development of energy storage in the short and medium and long term from different fields, and the development of the energy storage industry. Provides a good opportunity.
Industry experts analyzed that since 2015, energy storage technology has gradually begun to commercialize. After 2020, energy storage systems will become an integral part of power production operations. It is expected that energy storage technology will enter a large-scale development period in 2030.
Shi Dinghua, chairman of the China Renewable Energy Society, said that the relevant supporting documents for the new power reform are being further developed. The policies on new energy and renewable energy have been continuously adjusted and improved, and the preparation of the 13th Five-Year Plan has also started. It is worth pondering how to increase the role of energy storage technology in energy systems, especially in power systems.
At present, the energy storage industry has begun to emerge some market opportunities and innovation models in distributed generation and micro-grid, auxiliary services, user-side demand response and vehicle-electric interconnection systems. Commercial demonstration projects have also appeared in individual fields. Last year, for the first time, energy storage was an independent industry and participated in the discussion of China's electricity market service payment mechanism. Energy structure adjustment and environmental pressure are accelerating the formation of a policy environment and electricity price mechanism to support new energy grid access, new top-level design and Regional planning will bring opportunities for the development of the energy storage industry.
At the same time, driven by the new energy automobile industry, major battery manufacturers have increased their capacity expansion plans. Electric vehicles will play an energy storage role in optical storage type charging and replacement stations, fast charging stations, and demand response charging, and power battery ladders. Utilization will reduce the cost of energy storage battery applications.
Energy storage technology "Hundred Flowers Controversy" is complementing each other
Because of their different technologies, principles, and functional characteristics, various energy storage technologies have different application scopes. The future energy storage applications will be more targeted and present a variety of technologies complement each other.
At present, energy storage is still at the stage where all technologies go hand in hand, such as pumped storage, lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, sodium flow batteries, and liquid flow batteries, which are also constrained.
With the development of new energy sources and the widespread development of smart grid demonstrations, energy storage is becoming a new focus of technological competition and market competition. According to the different requirements of energy storage energy and energy storage capacity in various application fields, the viewpoint that various energy storage technologies have suitable application fields has become the consensus in the industry.
Wen Zhaoyin, a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out that each type of battery can be combined with its own characteristics and cost-effectiveness to find a position. For a long time to come, it is unlikely that one battery will completely replace another, because the battery has not been found, or the energy density is low or the safety is poor, and the cost may be too high.
Pune, who is committed to the research of vanadium flow battery technology, believes that vanadium flow battery technology has the advantages of large-scale application, low cost and high safety when applied to grid-level energy storage. General Manager Jiang Zongxian said that it is still difficult to simply say that various energy storage technology routes are superior or inferior.
Renewable energy generation Compared with conventional power sources, the biggest difference is due to the intermittent output power fluctuations. In the future, for large-scale access systems, renewable energy generation can match large-capacity, low-cost storage. The technology will be more advantageous.
Hu Xuehao, chief expert of China Electric Power Research Institute, believes that more and more renewable energy sources, such as wind power and solar photovoltaic power, are connected to the power system. Normally, the output power of the generator is adjusted to accommodate the change in load, but if the generator side is intermittent and not adjustable, energy storage is a good solution.
Tan Chunqing, director of the Ordos Institute of Large-scale Energy Storage Technology, believes that lead-acid batteries are the most mature technology at present. Liquid and sodium-sulfur batteries are also relatively mature new technologies. In the future, compressed air energy storage technology has great Expansion capacity.
There are advantages and disadvantages in various technical routes, and it is too early to judge which technology will win. It may be that in the long run, it is still the parallel development of various technologies. Finally, it depends on who will mature the technology first, who will first reduce the cost and realize small-scale commercialization.
Enterprises have pushed key breakthroughs in technological innovation
The just-concluded China Energy Storage Innovation and Technology Summit will exchange views on how the energy industry will be integrated with “Internet +â€, global energy storage market development, technological progress, and demonstration projects.
Xu Dingming, director of the National Energy Expert Advisory Committee, said that the implementation of the energy Internet is inseparable from energy storage. Energy storage is a pillar of the modern energy system and the infrastructure of future energy.
As an important part of the energy Internet, energy storage plays a key role in intelligent hardware in the energy Internet. In the early stage of the development of the energy storage industry, investment opportunities will mainly come from energy storage related equipment suppliers, mainly cost-effective battery unit suppliers, such as Shengyang, Nandu Power, Tianneng Power; strong and powerful solution providers, Such as Sunshine Power (in cooperation with Samsung SDI), BYD (in cooperation with ABB).
Sunshine Power is the largest manufacturer of photovoltaic inverters in China, and has mastered many independent core technologies. Shengyang Power has successively undertaken the 500KW optical storage integrated power station of China Southern Power Grid and the Haining Distributed Power Storage System Demonstration Project of 863 Project of Institute of Electrical Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences. It has established the industry position of the company's energy storage system solution leader; Gao Te Electronics has 26 invention patents at home and abroad, and has 4 international invention patents. All core technologies of the products are independent research and development, and the technical level is in the leading position in the world. On the whole, these companies have promoted the commercialization of energy storage in China with independent technological innovation, and achieved gratifying results.
Industry development faces multiple problems and is still a policy market.
The energy storage industry looks like a flower, but most of the applications are currently demonstration applications. The main purpose is to verify the technical indicators and use effects. From 2015, commercial energy storage projects have gradually emerged. From 2016 to 2020, with the country's policy of “abandoning wind and abandoning lightâ€, the energy storage will move from demonstration to commercialization.
Large-scale wind power, photovoltaic grid-connected and distributed energy are the largest demanders of energy storage, which determines that the national grid and power generation enterprises are the current purchasers of energy storage power stations. However, due to the longevity, safety and economy of energy storage batteries, power grids and power generation companies are currently limited to trials and are not willing to invest heavily.
Tang Weiping, deputy chief engineer of the Shanghai Space Power Research Institute, said that the main driving force for the development of energy storage is the national policy mechanism, but lacks substantial support and policy guidance.
At present, China is still in the initial stage of energy storage industrialization. In the future, it will be in a state of coexistence of various energy storage technologies. Lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, flow batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, etc. will have different advantages in different application fields. . Due to immature technology, high cost, lack of policy support, and unclear business model, China's energy storage industry has not been commercialized.
The technical indicators of the State Grid for energy storage are: the battery cycle life is more than 5,000 times, the price is below 1500 yuan / kWh, and the efficiency is above 80%. According to industry insiders, at the current technical level, this indicator cannot be reached in the short term. The energy storage market is also due to the long product development cycle, large capital investment, and high productivity requirements. Small and medium-sized enterprises are difficult to match, and they are destined to become the battleground for large battery manufacturers such as state-owned enterprises.
Newcomers that venture into energy storage and power batteries will face shuffling. The cost of lithium batteries used in electric vehicles and large power stations is relatively high. In addition, the industry involves a wide range of aspects, and the initial investment is relatively large. The products are not highly accepted by the market after the market is launched. At least 10 years, electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage still remain. It will be a policy market.
Globally, energy storage technology is still in its infancy, and it has not yet formed an industrial pattern and a commercial market. Compared with foreign technology and policy mechanisms accumulated in the field of energy storage for more than ten years, our gap is still relatively large.
The overseas grid connection is very mature. The domestic inverters are all done by small enterprises. Large enterprises are not willing to do small market and low profits, but the technical level of small enterprises is difficult to guarantee.
In addition to technical issues such as energy storage systems and grid connection, there is also a need for data accumulation on the application side and analysis and planning of the business operation mode. For the commercial operation of energy storage power stations, it is first necessary to establish a mode of economic operation, including establishing a relationship between the peak-to-valley electricity price difference and the unit cycle life cost, and measuring the economic model and establishing a calculation method for the unit cycle life cost. These are all to be studied.
Large-scale energy storage power stations have large investment in the initial stage of construction, lack of operational experience, and no perfect standards to follow, so most potential customers are on the sidelines. After years of continuous investment, energy storage companies are generally in a state of loss, and the financial pressure is very large. On the one hand, it is an immature market. On the one hand, it is still the need to increase investment. This is a serious problem currently faced by energy storage enterprises. Who can first mature the technology, first reduce the cost, and then have the opportunity to lead the commercialization and seize the mainstream market.
Microgrid construction is beginning to take shape and challenges coexist
In July 2015, the National Energy Administration issued the “Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of New Energy Microgrid Demonstration Projectsâ€, proposing to accelerate the construction of new energy microgrid demonstration projects and explore the microgrid technology and operation management system that adapts to the development of new energy sources. .
The microgrid is built on the local distribution network. The distributed energy sources such as wind, light and natural gas can complement the smart energy comprehensive utilization LAN, which has a higher proportion of new energy power access, which can be stored and optimized through energy storage. Achieve a basic balance between local energy production and energy use.
The microgrid represents the future of energy development. The microgrid improves the resilience of the power system in the face of sudden disasters, and helps to continuously supply power to important loads during grid disasters. Through effective coordinated control, the various disturbances caused by the distributed power supply grid-connected to the large power grid are reduced, and the negative problems caused by the distributed power supply grid connection are solved.
It is reported that in the future, China will organize 100 new energy demonstration cities, 200 green energy counties, and 30 new energy micro-network demonstration projects to create a comprehensive demonstration zone for renewable energy utilization.
In terms of standard construction, the formulation of some domestic microgrid standards has been initiated. The Microgrid Research Office of the Chinese Academy of Electric Power has led the development of the "Testing Specifications for Energy Storage Systems to Grids" and "Technical Standards for Access to Power Grids for Users". The industry standard for distributed power island operations technology agreements is being developed.
The domestic microgrid research has made some progress, but compared with the research teams in Europe, the United States and Japan, there is still a big gap in research strength and achievements.
Micro-grid development still lacks relevant applicable regulations, and incentive policies such as time-of-use electricity prices for microgrid sales have not yet been introduced. Although the development of microgrid standards has begun to take shape, there are no clear national standards for microgrid technology operation, planning and design, and access. In order to achieve greater development of the future microgrid, it is also necessary to continuously encourage national policies.
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