No oil, no charging, no exhaust gas, the only waste is pure water! Will there be such a car? The answer is yes! Toyota Mirai is such a car. So how is this all achieved?
With the continuous consumption of petroleum resources, it will be a foregone conclusion that traditional fuel vehicles will be replaced by new energy sources in the future. But to say who has the most say in the field of new energy vehicles, I believe that many people are the same as the author, the first one is the Toyota; the Prius, which has been mass-produced and launched several generations, is still burning oil, but not Denying its significance for the development of new energy vehicles is quite huge. The Mirai hydrogen fuel cell vehicle that Toyota brought to us is a direct representation of the future car in front of us.
Compared with the current hot electric vehicles in China, hydrogen fuel cells have higher energy density (about 7 times of the traditional battery per unit volume) and faster filling. Moreover, from the perspective of China's current power generation structure, the significance of hydrogen fuel cells for environmental protection is far more than simply reducing the carbon emissions of a car.
Speaking of Mirai, as a mass-produced hydrogen fuel cell car, what is the difference between it and the hydrogen-powered car we saw before? In fact, the problem is very simple. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles generate electricity through hydrogen, and the final drive is the electric motor. The hydrogen-powered vehicle (such as the BMW 7 series hydrogen-powered version) that was previously unveiled is powered by hydrogen. Drive the vehicle directly.
Understand the meaning of Mirai, how does this car work? To put it simply, Mirai's driving method is to react with hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell stack to generate electricity to drive the motor and ultimately drive the vehicle. Sounds simple? I believe that you will not think so after understanding the various components of this system.
Because the hydrogen molecule is small in volume, it can pass through the tiny pores of the film to the opposite side, but in the process of crossing the hole, the electrons are stripped from the molecule, leaving only the positively charged hydrogen protons to pass, and the hydrogen protons are attracted to the film. The electrode on the other side is combined with oxygen molecules. Electrode plates on both sides of the electrolyte membrane split hydrogen into hydrogen ions (positive electricity) and electrons, oxygen into oxygen ions (negative electricity) and electrons, electrons form current between the electrode plates, two hydrogen ions and one oxygen Ion binding becomes pure water and is a waste of reaction. So in essence, the entire operation process is the power generation process.
Toyota 2008 Fuel Cell
Toyota Mirai's fuel cell innovation
The fuel cell stack of Toyota Mirai is composed of 370 thin-film fuel cells, so it is called “stack†and can output a total of 114 kW of power. Previously, we also analyzed the fuel cell technology of the Volkswagen Group, and the structure is basically similar. Toyota's fuel cell stack has undergone more than a decade of technical optimization, forming its own distinctive structure, such as 3D micro-channel technology, which improves the power generation efficiency by better discharging the by-product water and allowing more air to flow in. Therefore, the power generation efficiency of the entire stack has reached the world's advanced level, reaching 3.1 kW / liter, which is 2.2 times higher than that of Toyota's technology in 2008.
As a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the first thing to consider is the safety of hydrogen fuel storage. We can see that Toyota has done a lot of work in this regard. Two special gas tanks can withstand a pressure of 70 MPa. The use of carbon fiber Kevlar (body armor fabric) shell is enough to withstand light weapons. Attack, of course, I believe that few people will put this poisonous hand on Mirai.
The hydrogen storage tank is designed as a four-layer structure, the inner tank of the aluminum alloy is lined with a plastic inner liner, and a protective layer of carbon fiber reinforced plastic is wrapped on the outside, and a shock absorbing protective layer of glass fiber material is added on the outer side of the protective layer, and The fiber texture of each layer is additionally optimized according to the position of the can body, so that the fiber can enhance the effect of the protective layer along the direction of pressure distribution.
In the new generation of fuel cell systems, the power generated also needs to be boosted by the boost converter to be supplied to the motor. The final output voltage is increased from 250V for the 2008 fuel cell to 650V. From the point of view of its power generation, it can meet the maximum output demand of the motor.
The motor with a maximum power of 113kW and a peak torque of 335N·m comes from the Lexus RX450h. This powertrain drives Mirai's body of more than 1.8 tons. Although it is not very abundant, it can definitely satisfy daily use. Imagine buying this car. How many car owners will drive it for intense driving?
Hydrogen fuel cells have two main advantages over our current pure electric vehicles: First, the time required to refuel is similar to that of ordinary gasoline vehicles. It is not a little bit faster than electric vehicle charging. Second, the hydrogen fuel cell drive mode has a significantly longer battery life than a pure electric vehicle with the same size battery pack.
Mirai also has a unique cheat, that is, with the power socket on the car, it can instantly transform into a large "charge treasure", and its charging object is not limited to those electronic products, simply, even if the home is out of power With it, it can also keep various household appliances running for a certain period of time.
As a commodity, Toyota Mirai has many features that appeal to potential users, in addition to many “black technologies†worthy of showing off. In fact, from the perspective of the design of a medium-sized car, it is obviously enough to attract people's attention.
Toyota's designers and engineers may find that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are no longer suitable for the mediocre shape of traditional gasoline vehicles, so they decided to adopt an uncompromising avant-garde design on Mirai. Starting from the slender headlights, it is doomed to its extraordinary. Recently popular design elements such as suspension models and left and right continuous taillights are presented on Mirai. From the appearance alone, this car can be described as "the appearance is not surprisingly endless."
Looking at any part of Mirai's interior, I am afraid that friends familiar with Toyota and Lexus can say which part of the traditional model is from, but the beauty of its design lies in the integration of these familiar elements, showing unprecedented Freshness. Of course, this freshness is also to set off the difference of this hydrogen fuel cell car.
After the hydrogen fuel releases electricity through the oxidation reaction, the emitted emissions are water; then as a liquid discharge, solving the problem of "where to go" has become one of the problems that engineers need to consider. In this Toyota Mirai car, we saw a button labeled "H2O". Pressing it will drain the water through the tailpipe. Of course, we also hope that if hydrogen fuel can be popular, on the street. A device that recovers this water can occur.
Toyota Mirai is not much different from a normal mid-size car, and the experience of the power section is similar to that of a pure electric car. Although it is buckled with many high-tech auras, you will feel that it is very approachable when you are driving, so you don't have to treat it differently because it is a new energy car.
At present, the car has already started to sell in Japan, and its price is about 380,000 yuan, minus various taxes and fees, and the price has reached 260,000 yuan, compared with traditional medium-sized cars and even medium and large cars. Compared to no advantage. In terms of the cost of hydrogen fuel, the current domestic fuel hydrogen price is about 1,000 yen / kg, and there is a possibility of reduction in the future. It can be seen that the cost of use is not high; in fact, it is actually a rare addition to hinder its development. The number of hydrogen stations.
to sum up
The mass production of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles has opened the door for a future transportation solution. Compared with the pure electric vehicles that the major domestic manufacturers are eagerly awaiting, the advantages of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are obvious; the charging time of electric vehicles is too long and the battery life The two short boards with short mileage are perfectly solved by the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. From this point of view, perhaps what Mirai is showing is the real prototype of the future car.
What is a miniature slip ring? Miniature slip rings are rotary electrical connectors that allow power and data to be transferred between a stationary and rotating structure. They are often used in medical, military, and aerospace applications where size and weight are critical factors.
A miniature slip ring typically consists of two parts: a stationary housing and a rotating contact assembly. The contact assembly contains the brushes that make electrical contact with the rotating structure, as well as the rings that conduct current or data.
The housing can be made from any number of materials, including metals, plastics, and composites. It is typically designed to be as small and lightweight as possible while still providing adequate strength and durability.
The contact assembly is made from precious metals such as gold or silver in order to provide good electrical conductivity.
Technology improves with the continuous development of precision machinery. The more sophisticated the equipment, the smaller the volume will be. And the space that can be accommodated for installing the slip ring is also very small. The key parts of some equipment are quite a district. Especially in the high-end military, aerospace and aviation fields. 360-degree rotation is required to transmit current and signals. And the installation space is greatly reduced. It is to make the equipment work more smoothly. Therefore, it is necessary to design the slip ring to be small and exquisite. Otherwise, it won't meet the needs of the installation.
At the same time, we have moved with the continuous development of science and technology. Various high-end precision instruments have been developed. It requires the slip ring to transmit the current amount of general power. Also often undertake the transmission of weak electrical signals and various weak signals. The transmission medium is wider, and the number of loops of the slip ring is increasing.
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