I. Application at Brigham and Women's Hospital
A recent study in the Internal Medicine Literature shows that in the United States, almost one out of every five doses of a drug taken in a hospital is wrong. As a front-line institution in patient safety research, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) in Boston, USA, hopes to create an automated safeguards system to reduce the likelihood of such accidents by preparing and using prescription drugs. BWH concluded that bar code scanning is the best system to improve the safety and accuracy of all operations. An effective system would require a separate bar code label on all prescription drugs, and only about half of the drugs shipped to the hospital would be labeled with a unit code.
When BWH planned its system, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was preparing a new rule requiring the use of a unit label on the drug. The hospital did not passively wait for the FDA to ask for bar code labeling for individual drugs, nor did it rely on suppliers to provide bar code labels. Instead, the hospital produces separate 2D barcode labels for more than 3.5 million medicines a year.
solution
BWH implemented a system for tracking and recording drugs through bar code scanning, all of which were recorded from the time the drug was processed in the pharmacy until the patient used it. Barcodes are also applied to patient wristbands, employee ID badges, prescription drug orders, and laboratory samples for automated tracking and accurate information logging. In pharmacies and laboratories, we use various types of labels. Similarly, there are a wide variety of labels for patients with sick tatami, says Bill Churchill, head of BWH drug services. We rely on bar codes for highly accurate operations, so we must ensure printer reliability and continuous availability.
The doctor enters drug information into a computerized system that records the time of the order and the time the pharmacy receives and reviews the order. The pharmacist looks at the order in the computer and then prints a bar code prescription for the pharmacy technician to prepare the drug and execute the order. Before the order is placed, the drug and the order bar code will be scanned to ensure that the drug is matched to the order.
When orders and stocked medicines are issued from the pharmacy for delivery, the barcode is scanned and the recording system is automatically updated. Doctors, nurses, and pharmacists can check the status of orders at any time through computers throughout the hospital. The hospital has a wireless LAN, so information can be updated and retrieved in real time. When receiving medicines, you can record the receipt of the medicines by scanning the medicine barcodes. When the medicines are removed from the medicine warehouse, the medicine barcodes should be scanned again. Employees scan their own barcode ID badges during each drug transfer to automatically create a chain of custody records.
When using a drug, the nurse scans the barcode on the patient's wristband and scans the bar code label on the drug, vial or precision infusion set. Calculating the cedar will verify the correctness of the drug to ensure that the correct dosage and ingredients are available to the right patient at the right time.
We have a fully integrated tracking and control system. Barcodes will maximize the accuracy of our operations. Churchill said. Labeling individual drugs, vials and precision infusion sets with barcodes is a major undertaking. About 50% of the products used in BWH do not have a separate bar code label. Those drugs are usually only coded with the National Drug Code (NDC), which is not sufficient to meet the information needs of BWH.
To ensure that all drugs have sufficient information in their barcodes, BWH has established the first fully functional, hospital-based drug repackaging center. The center labels approximately 3,507 products each year. In addition to the National Drug Code (NDC), Brigham and Women's Hospital has also compiled the drug lot number and expiration date in the Data Matrix 2D barcode label.
We want to make sure that we have all the information in the barcode to help us get the job done more accurately, Churchill said. 2D barcodes allow us to capture more detailed information in the smallest available space. Compared to 1D barcodes, 2D barcodes provide us with more information about each drug.
The FDA has required pharmaceutical manufacturers to label all drugs used in hospitals before 2007 by using the unit barcode. However, this provision may not reduce the need for BWH for secondary labeling because the FDA only requires a one-dimensional barcode to be incorporated into the National Drug Code (NDC) (and the drug batch number and expiration date/\recommended, but not mandatory) ), without including the Data Matrix.
The Data Matrix symbol can encode up to 3,116 digits or 2,335 alphanumeric characters, which is far beyond the traditional one-dimensional barcode (for example, a normal UPC symbol can encode 12 numeric characters:). The Data Matrix symbol has no fixed size and can be very compact, which is one of the main reasons why hospital planners choose symbols. BWH incorporates data such as national drug codes, drug batch numbers, and expiration dates in symbols that are not half a square inch.
The high density formed by programming data in such a small space requires high-quality accurate printing. BWH uses the Zebra Industrial Label Printer, which maintains high print quality in high-volume printing. The Zebra thermal printer fully supports the DataMatrix symbol and has an optional 300dpi resolution printhead that is ideal for making compact, high quality symbols.
A high-quality printer is required for 2D barcode coding, which is small enough to fit on a milliliter vial, Mr. Churchill said.
The Data Matrix barcode can also be used for wristbands to encode information such as the patient's name, doctor on duty, date of admission, and date of birth. Encoding the wristband information meets the HIPAA privacy requirements and meets the National Patient Safety Objective (NPSG) requirements of the United States Medical Accreditation Joint Commission (JCAHO) for identifying patients with medical tests.
Since the hospital uses an imager instead of a laser scanner to read the bar code, it is easier to read the symbol when it is attached to a curved surface such as a vial or patient wristband. According to BWH, the scan rate is very high.
effect
Bar code systems have been used to prevent mistakes during prescription input, prescription execution, and dispensing. Barcode data entry and computerized controls also provide accurate and up-to-date records, thus improving the Brigham and Women's Hospital drug: brother tracking and inventory management. Since we implemented the bar code system, we have made tremendous improvements in reducing pharmacy mistakes, Mr. Churchill said. For example, the excess in the execution of prescriptions has almost benefited: absolutely. However, the most prominent feature of our system is the ability to reduce the use of drugs. From the content of this material, you can understand that by using barcodes, drug use errors are expected to be reduced by 60% to 80%. This is very consistent with what we observed.
In the future, 2D symbol technology will provide us with more opportunities to innovate. One of the potential applications is to encode the infusion pump using information such as patient ID, weight, and drug concentration, Mr. Churchill said. For such detailed data, we must use 2D barcodes.
Second, the application of bar code in the hospital laboratory - Zhejiang Sir Run Shaw Hospital barcode application case
In the past decade, the development of laboratory medicine has developed rapidly, and the advent of a variety of new technologies has completely changed the traditional laboratory work mode, and also reduced the labor intensity of the staff. However, the management of hospital information is far from keeping up with the requirements of rapid development of information technology in laboratory medicine. Laboratory quality control, intelligent management, standardization and integration have brought crisis to the research and management of laboratory medicine.
Modern medicine requires medical institutions to collect, archive, process, supervise and manage a large amount of inspection and treatment information. The records formed by the traditional manual copying and thermal paper reports of the hospital have not kept up with the development of laboratory medicine. Even in Chinese stand-alone reports and intra-laboratory networking, computers are simply used as processors for receiving, storing, printing, or transmitting data in departments or departments, but they do not take full advantage of the resources of computer networks, so that computer management only stays in one direction. Network or intranet status.
The Shaoyifu Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine was established in 1994. It is a donated by the famous industrialist Sir Run Run Shaw of Hong Kong. It is supported by the Zhejiang Provincial People's Government and assisted by the Loma Linda University Medical Center. It is a modern and comprehensive domestic model. Sexual and research-oriented tertiary hospitals. The hospital is located in the center of Hangzhou, with 33 clinical departments and a Shaoyuan Clinical Research Institute of Zhejiang University.
First-rate hospitals need first-class information systems to improve the efficiency of the entire hospital. Shao Yifu Hospital applied automatic identification technology to the laboratory, which greatly improved the hospital's information management level. They introduced an advanced management model and operated laboratory management. The system integrators design a reasonable data flow through the full communication and communication with the hospital inspectors, implement practical solutions, and select the best equipment, so that the inspection information operation of the hospital is unprecedentedly efficient.
Data flow
The hospital's test data is mainly concentrated between the nurse station and the laboratory (Figure 1). The nurse station workflow, that is, the process of testing the doctor's order includes: the doctor's application for a check-up after the label is printed, the sample is signed (work number, time) and sent for inspection.
The laboratory workflow, that is, the process of inspecting the flow of medical orders in the laboratory: the sample is received and confirmed. The automatic charge is distributed to each group. The task list is formed into a machine. The result is checked. A corresponding nurse station prints regularly.
Laboratory maintenance and quality control process: maintenance operations (such as cleaning the instrument, scrubbing the workbench, recording the temperature, preparing the cleaning agent, instrument calibration, etc.) A quality control machine determines the quality of the nuclear control results.
Apple Nano Flexible Glass Screen Protector
Glass Screen Protector,Apple Nano Flexible Glass Screen Protector,Iphone Tempered Glass Screen Protector,Nano Glass Screen Protector
Guangzhou Ehang Electronic Co., Ltd. , https://www.ehangmobile.com