We all know that LEDs are voltage-sensitive devices. In practice, they are based on a current of 20 mA, but they tend to increase the current due to various reasons in use. If no protection measures are taken at this time, then The LED will be damaged after this increased current exceeds a certain time and amplitude. Below we will first understand the basic concept of LED circuit, the factors of LED damage and the protection method of LED circuit.
First, the basic concept of LED circuit
LED (Light-Emitting-Diode) is a semiconductor that converts electrical energy into visible light. It changes the principle of incandescent tungsten filament illumination and energy-saving lamp trichromatic toner illumination, and uses electric field illumination. According to analysis, the characteristics of LED are very obvious, long life, high luminous efficiency, no radiation and low power consumption. The spectrum of LED is almost entirely concentrated in the visible light band, and its luminous efficiency can reach 80~90%. Comparing LED with ordinary incandescent lamp, spiral energy-saving lamp and T5 trichromatic fluorescent lamp, the result shows that the luminous efficiency of ordinary incandescent lamp is 12lm/ W, the life is less than 2000 hours, the luminous efficiency of the spiral energy-saving lamp is 60lm/W, the life is less than 8000 hours, the T5 fluorescent lamp is 96lm/W, the life is about 10000 hours, and the white LED with the diameter of 5mm is 20~28lm/ W, the life can be greater than 100,000 hours. Some people also predict that the future LED life limit will be infinite.
High power means that the luminous rate is large, generally 0.5W, 1W3W5W or higher. Light intensity and lumens are larger than small power, but the same heat dissipation is also great. Now high power is a single application, plus a large heat sink. The low power is generally around 0.06W. Plugins and piranhas, etc. Now LED flashlight is generally used with low power, the light does not scatter, depending on the angle of illumination of the LED, there are large angles and small angles, small angles are not scattered, large angles are scattered.
Some LEDs cause current increase due to various reasons in use. If no protection measures are taken at this time, the LED will be damaged after the increased current exceeds a certain time and amplitude. So let's take a closer look at the specific causes of LED damage.
Second, the main reasons for LED damage are:
1. A sudden rise in voltage.
2. A short circuit in a component or printed line or other wire forms a partial short circuit in the LED power supply path, causing the voltage in this place to increase.
3. The LED is short-circuited due to its own quality, and its original voltage drop is transferred to other LEDs.
4. The temperature inside is too high, which deteriorates the characteristics of the LED.
5. The water is inside and the water is electrically conductive.
6. When the device is not equipped, the anti-static work is not done, so that the inside of the LED has been damaged by static electricity. Despite the application of normal voltage and current values, it is extremely susceptible to LED damage.
Understand the above factors that cause LED damage. So, how do I protect the LED circuit?
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