Recently, many teachers, students, and my colleagues have asked me this question. My students will also ask me this question. Because the two courses are offered at the same time in the domestic electronic information majors, students are confused when they finish these two courses. These confusions are nothing more than the difference and connection between the two. Many engineers, teachers, and students only know that FPGA processing performance is much higher than MCU/CPU, but this is just a representation.
The MCU in the title is a typical representative of many CPUs, DSPs, and GPUs, and the GPU technology has recently become hotter due to the recent emergence of a new VR. However, the GPU is also a compromise in the strict sense.
What is the difference between FPGA and microcontroller? Based on my experience, I can summarize it below.
1. FPGA belongs to the category of digital logic, that is, combinatorial logic, sequential logic and state machine are the design goals to be realized by FPGA, and single-chip microcomputer is an achievable design goal of FPGA, that is, for a person who is very proficient in HDL. In this case, you can use HDL to build a microcontroller/CPU in the FPGA. In essence, the microcontroller/CPU is just a finite automatic state machine. The software we often talk about, it can only run on the processor, in other words, when the CPU is designed, by writing the code, let the CPU run this limited automatic state machine. In essence, the CPU is something in the software category. A programmer with a higher level, that is, let the CPU be a limited automatic state machine. They don't know the essential problem of CPU operation, that is, how the CPU is designed. But for FPGA designers, they use the logic design resources inside the FPGA to construct combinatorial logic, sequential logic and state machines. Of course, they understand the design principles and essential issues of the CPU.
2. In terms of implementation, the logic operation in the FPGA is driven by the logic flow, and the operation of the CPU is driven by the program counter PC, that is, the working principle of the two is completely different.
3. From the perspective of the cognitive digital world, from bottom to top are PN sections, CMOS, logic gates, combinatorial logic, sequential logic, state machines, CPUs, operating systems, drivers, and applications. That is to say, a real FPGA big cow can basically see the essence of the entire digital world. However, a big cattle programmer is looking at the entire digital world in the middle, so there is still a long way to fully understand the entire digital world.
4. When a person is very clear about digital logic and HDL language, in fact, he does not need someone to teach him how to learn MCU/CPU. For me, it is very easy to learn 8051 MCU, ARM, etc., but No one needs to teach me to learn this knowledge.
In the following sentence, I end my answer. To truly see the whole digital world, digital logic is the foundation, FPGA is the platform, HDL is the tool, and the digital world is built on this foundation.
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