This summer Qualcomm introduced an embedded development board called DragonBoard 410c. It is based on the Snapdragon 410 processor and is internally ARM Cortex-A53 core with 1.2GHz clock and 64bit-compatible computing. Integrated Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and GPS capabilities. The development board only has one credit card size. This little thing inspired my interest. Similar to this type of card computer, there are also Raspberry Pi and Arduino, which are already famous in the market. Raspberry Pi has more intentions to promote computer education in remote areas, and hopes to create a universal card computer at a low price. Geeks have developed many IoT toys with the Raspberry Pi as the core. At this time, the DragonBoard 410c really aimed at the Internet of Things market.
Internet of Things (IOT)Professor Ashton first proposed in researching RFID in 1999. At that time, it was called sensor network. Its definition is: through information recognition equipment such as radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensor, global positioning system, laser scanner, etc., according to the agreed agreement, connect any item with the Internet, exchange information and communicate to realize intelligence. A network concept for identifying, locating, tracking, monitoring, and managing. To sum up briefly, connect items to the Internet through information sensing devices and exchange information, and realize the intelligent identification and management.
The birth of IoT products stems from the demand. In modern society, people are not willing to spend too much time to complete redundant work, just like repetitive coding when coding (cannot rewrite the schedule because the project has multiple threads required) The algorithm, so there is a concept based on operating system programming, which is far away:), so part of the work is handed over to the smart device (the word is not very accurate) to complete.
What is the Internet of Things architecture?The IoT network architecture consists of a sensing layer, a network layer, and an application layer. The perception layer implements intelligent perceptual recognition of the physical world, which is what we usually call sensor technology. The network layer mainly implements the transmission, routing and control of information. The application layer includes application infrastructure/middleware and various IoT applications. Application infrastructure/middleware provides IoT applications with common infrastructure services, capabilities, and resource invocation interfaces for information processing and computing. Based on this, IoT enables various applications in many fields.
The knowledge system required for IoT developmentThe Internet of Things involves technical fields such as sensor technology, network communication, computer software, embedded systems, and micro-electromechanics.
The sensor converts the physical quantity, chemical quantity, and biomass in the physical world into digital signals that can be processed. The embedded technology carries, processes, and transmits the digital signals, and the application software provides a friendly interface to interact with the outside. Network technology ensures smooth flow of information and load balancing. Therefore, an IoT product needs to be bred by various engineers (ban zhuan gong) of materials, structure, embedded, algorithm, network, and application software.
So embedded technology has become the core support of IoT products, and a good embedded engineer must have the following knowledge system.
(1) Proficiency in C/C++ programming. The programming language of hardware is mainly C (of course, some assembly architecture is better). As an embedded engineer, mastering C programming is the first basic skill. For some devices, ApplicaTIon will use C++ to write the framework, and more internally will use C programming to achieve.
(2) Master at least one operating system. Linux is currently the most widely used embedded operating system. The major chip manufacturers have customized and supported the native Linux, which has formed a good ecology. Vxworks has become the mainstream of the embedded market due to its good real-time performance. The kernel or driver engineer should understand the system's interrupt, scheduling, clock, and so on.
(3) Understand the mainstream architecture of ARM, X86 and other familiar with the development process for a certain type of chip. For example, cross-compilation under the arm architecture, environment construction, although this is only a basic operation, but also a guarantee of production efficiency.
(4) Basic hardware knowledge. After arm9, the division of hardware and software is becoming more and more clear, and even because of the development of embedded chips, some PC-side developers are now easily overextended to the embedded environment. But the basic hardware literacy must have (at least, you have to understand the schematic and timing).
IoT product applicationHere are two examples. IoT products should be born in demand. A good PM design product can reach the user's itching and solve the problems in life. Such an Internet of Things product has a market. As a code mover, more concerned with product realization.
Case 1: Smart Home
Smart home has been developed in China for more than ten years, and it has a certain popularity. It mainly focuses on the research of some independent home subsystems, such as building (visual) intercom system, security alarm system, access control system, three Table Cc system, home appliance intelligent control system, and so on.
A well-established home security is actually connecting home control to the alarm facility. Realize timely alarm, rescue and protection functions for the theft, robbery and emergencies of illegal intrusion.
From the functional subdivision, it can also be divided into visual intercom, perimeter defense, home security, emergency help, wireless alarm, sound and light alarm, anti-holding alarm and so on. Home security alarms include burglar alarms, fire alarms, and gas leak alarms. All safety detection devices in the home, such as fire protection (smoke, gas leak alarm, etc.), anti-theft (door magnet, window magnet, various monitors, anti-theft curtains, emergency call button, etc.), are connected to the family. Intelligent terminal monitors its status. When an alarm occurs, the home smart terminal performs various operations according to the settings, including: starting the alarm and linkage device, and dialing the set alarm call. If connected to the community system, the police can also be sent to the community monitoring server.
When it comes to home security, access control should be regarded as the most important part. A good access control device is very important for the safety protection of the home. In the process of constantly updating the access control products, many manufacturers have gradually turned the access control function into one. Diversified development. For example, many products now connect the access control with the community security system, and use a control platform to control the security of the entire community. No matter which family situation occurs, the alarm can be transmitted to the community with one button, and some can also pass the network. Directly passed to the public security department. Increased alarm speed while minimizing losses from family violations.
With the continuous updating of science and technology, the current concept of home security has gradually shifted from the original simple personal protection to multimedia, Internet-based protection, and the system can automatically issue an alarm regardless of the danger in which case. Greatly improve the safety factor of the home.
Case 2: Intelligent Transportation
The intelligent transportation system is complex and comprehensive, but its principle is to collect and manage vehicle dynamic information, adjust traffic distribution in real time, and optimize intersection capacity.
In Singapore, people can get traffic congestion forecasts just like weather forecasts. Through the sensors buried on the road and the probes on the traffic lights, the driver can not only see where the traffic jams, but also predict in advance, where the traffic will be blocked for 10 to 20 minutes, so that you can choose a more smooth road.
In Sweden, Stockholm has established a smart transportation system that charges for transportation according to different levels of congestion. Through such a smart transportation system, the total vehicle usage in Stockholm has been reduced by 25%, carbon emissions have been reduced by 14%, and environmental protection and pollution prevention have achieved better results than expected.
The Internet of Things is changing and has changed our lives. The popularity of Internet of Things products is inevitable. The development of the Internet of Things industry is to subvert our traditional life. Continuous penetration into traditional areas. The phenomenon of equipment manufacturing and the Internet of Things, the convergence of the Internet, and the new model of innovative products and services. The home appliance industry has taken the lead in exploring the model of expanding the value space and improving product service by leveraging the Internet of Things technology. This innovative model, not only involved in the smart home field and home equipment, will also spawn a variety of smart products that integrate the Internet of Things elements, such as wearable devices, smart car devices, medical health equipment, smart toys and so on. Traditional industries, through deep integration with Internet of Things technology, and the use of Internet platform services and mobile Internet business models to form an open industry eco-innovative products and services model, will become an important direction of the development of the Internet of Things industry.
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