How are the standards in China currently classified? The level of China's standards is based on the "Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China", which divides the standards into four levels. According to the applicable field of the standard, the scope of action is usually divided into national standards, industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards. There is a certain internal relationship between the various levels, forming a complete standard system covering the whole country. The four levels of standards are now briefly introduced:
National standard
It refers to the standards that need to be formulated to unify technical requirements across the country. The national standards are uniformly prepared by the standardization administrative department of the State Council (the National Standardization Administration Committee), unified planning and organization drafting, and unified approval number issuance. The national standard code is “GBâ€, which is the first letter combination of two Chinese Pinyin for “Countryâ€. The mandatory standard code uses "GB/T" where "T" is the first letter of the pinyin of the word "push". The distinction between mandatory and recommended standard texts is distinguished by "T". This is the industry standard and place. The standards are all consistent.
Industry Standard
It refers to the standard that is formulated without national standards and needs to be unified within a certain industry in the country. As a supplement to the national standards, when the corresponding national standards are implemented, the industry standards should be abolished by themselves. Industry standards are subject to approval, numbering, and release by industry standards, and unified management is implemented. The centralized department of the industry standard and the scope of the industry it manages shall be examined and approved by the standardization administrative department of the State Council (the National Standardization Administration Committee), and the industry code of the industry shall be announced at the same time. At present, China's standards classified by industry have officially approved 57 categories. Local standards refer to the absence of national standards and industry standards, but also need to be unified within the scope of Sheng Autonomous Region and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Local standards can be formulated according to the following requirements: 1. Safety and hygiene requirements for industrial products; 2. 3. Requirements for laws and regulations such as drugs, veterinary drugs, food hygiene, environmental protection, energy conservation, and seeds; Other laws and regulations. The local standards shall be uniformly compiled, organized, approved, numbered and published by the administrative department of standardization of the autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government.
Business standard
It is a standard set for technical requirements, management requirements, and work requirements that need to be coordinated and unified within the enterprise. The enterprise standard shall be formulated by the enterprise and approved and issued by the representative of the enterprise legal person or the authorized representative of the legal representative. The enterprise product standard shall be filed with the local standardization administrative department within 30 days after the release. In addition, in order to meet the needs of rapid development and rapid changes in standards in certain fields, in 1998, in addition to the four-level standards, a “national standardization guidance technical document†was added as a supplement to the national standard, code-named “ GB/Z". Guided technical documents may be developed for projects that meet one of the following conditions: 1. The technology is still developing, and there are corresponding documents to guide its development or have standardized value, which cannot be formulated as a standard project; Projects using technical reports from the International Organization for Standardization, the National Electrotechnical Commission and other international organizations, including regional international organizations. Guidance technical documents are for user's reference only. What are the regulations for the mandatory standards? How is it divided? According to the standard binding nature, it is divided into mandatory standards and recommended standards. According to the Standardization Law, “mandatory standards must be implemented. Products that do not meet the mandatory standards are prohibited from being produced, sold and imported.†National Standardization Administration Committee in 2002 2 The "Regulations on Strengthening the Management of Mandatory Standards" issued on the 24th of the month further clarified the nature, requirements and scope of mandatory standards. The mandatory standards referred to in this regulation include mandatory national standards, mandatory industry standards and mandatory local standards for full-text enforcement or enforcement of provisions. The regulations require that mandatory national standards should implement the relevant national policies, laws and regulations, and are mainly aimed at safeguarding national security, preventing deception, protecting human health and personal and property safety, protecting the life and health of animals and plants, and protecting the environment. The provision states that the content of mandatory or mandatory provisions should be limited to the following areas: technical requirements of the country concerned; requirements for the protection of human health and personal and property safety; safety, sanitation and environmental protection in the production, storage, transportation and use of products and products; Technical requirements; quality, safety, sanitation, environmental protection requirements of the project construction and other requirements for project construction that the country needs to control; pollutant emission limits and environmental quality requirements; health requirements for protecting animal and plant life safety; prevention of deception, protection The requirements of consumer interests; the technical requirements of important products to maintain the national economic order.
How can companies effectively use standards in the production of products? The process of applying standards in the production process is the standard implementation supervision process. The first thing to note here is the mandatory standards, as well as the recommended standards that must be enforced in other regulations. Article 7 of the Standardization Law stipulates that “the local standards for the safety and sanitation requirements of industrial products formulated by the standardization administrative department of the autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government are mandatory standards within the administrative regionâ€. Article 14 stipulates “recommendation standards, and the state encourages enterprises to adopt them voluntarily.†According to these regulations, mandatory standards must be enforced for enterprises. The company's recommendation standards can be voluntarily adopted according to the actual situation of the enterprise. However, once adopted, it should be implemented carefully. Because in the process of implementing supervision, the standardization administrative department and other administrative departments have the right to supervise according to the standards of the company's declaration and commitment in order to protect the interests of consumers and users, and it is also the object of standard implementation supervision.
The "Standardization Law" stipulates: "If the products produced by the enterprise do not have national standards or industry standards, the enterprise standards shall be formulated as the basis for the organization of production. The product standards of the enterprise shall be reported to the local standardization administrative department for the record. There are national standards or industry standards. The state encourages enterprises to formulate enterprise standards that are stricter than national standards or industry standards, and is applicable within enterprises. According to the regulations, the standards that enterprises have filed shall be responsible for the consequences of the implementation of enterprise standards, and they shall also be subject to supervision. Enterprises must conduct self-monitoring of the implementation of standards, which is also an integral part of the production technology of enterprise products. Self-monitoring of the implementation of standards, throughout the entire process of product development, production, sales, involving all aspects of business management, including: 1. Standardized review of drawings and technical documents; Review the implementation standards during the production process; Review standards when submitting large equipment; 4. Standard review is conducted in conjunction with other corporate tasks. In order to ensure the quality of products, the competent departments of enterprises shall carry out regular or irregular supervision and inspection of the standards of their enterprises. This is an administrative and effective supervision within the enterprise and an important part of the effective implementation of the standard.
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