1 Introduction
The application of LED in indoor lighting engineering has come a long way. The indoor lighting involves a wide range of applications. There are many kinds of lighting products to be applied. What kind of products should be applied in LED applications? What types of products should be developed should cause designers and enterprises to manufacture. Businesses attach great importance to it. In recent years, some enterprises have not fully understood the LED light source, lighting manufacturing and lighting engineering. Blindly on the project, the product positioning is not accurate, resulting in some undue losses or even closure. The indoor lighting is basically functional lighting, the building structure is complex, the technical performance requirements of the products are high, and the cost performance of the products is high. At present, the LED lighting cannot be controlled without control, and the intelligently controlled lighting products have higher cost performance. Vitality truly reflects the advantages and features of LED light sources.
At present, many companies develop and produce T5, T8 straight tube fluorescent lamps and integrated bulb lamps, which are only temporary replacement products, and the price/performance ratio is not high. It is not the current development direction of LED products. LED lighting products should have their own characteristics, the appearance of the shape should be innovative, the function should be innovative, the control should be innovative, the structure of the lamp body should be innovative, only the innovation can develop, and no product can be done, no product has characteristics, to break through. The mode of traditional light source lamps, to do the products created in China, take the road of innovation and development.
In terms of indoor lighting, where is the LED luminaire used, what type of luminaire should be used, and what type of control method is used, which is the basis for interior lighting engineering design. According to the characteristics and advantages of LEDs, it is necessary to develop lighting products suitable for indoor applications, in order to be innovative, in order to meet the requirements of lighting functions, in order to truly achieve energy saving in lighting.
Lighting energy conservation mainly consists of five aspects: First, energy-saving design; second, the use of high-efficiency light source; third, the use of high-efficiency lighting; fourth, the use of effective lighting control system; fifth, perfect operation management; five aspects are indispensable. As the light source with the fastest development of light efficiency, LED light source is an emerging solid-state light source after incandescent lamps and gas discharge lamps. Due to its small size, high efficiency, rich color, easy lamp shape, no stroboscopic, fast start-up, convenient control, etc., it has been widely used in current lighting projects, especially in the outdoor night landscape lighting in recent years. It is an irreplaceable role for other light sources. Due to the controllability of the LED light source, it is more suitable for underground garage lighting applications.
2 Lighting status of underground garage
The development of modern cities has created tens of thousands of underground garages. At present, there are several problems in underground garage lighting:
1) Garage lighting standards. The lighting engineering design of the underground garage is mainly based on the "Design Standard for Architectural Lighting" GB 50034-2004, which stipulates that the ground illumination is 75lx. According to the actual use, the illuminance standard of 75lx is somewhat high, because the underground garage personnel activities require partial lighting, and the overall lighting requirements are not high. It is recommended that the illuminance standard be revised to 50lx, which can meet the requirements of garage lighting.
2) Lighting application status. At present, the illumination source of the garage is basically a T8 or T5 straight tube fluorescent lamp, and the lamps are roughly classified into two types: box type lamps and dustproof type lamps. The installation adopts the lighting bus method, the ceiling method and the hanging chain method. The control method basically adopts centralized manual control, which is controlled by the duty officer during the duty operation. Since the underground garage requires 24 hours of lighting, the garage lighting is in the state of long light, the loss rate of the lamp is very high, the lamp needs to be replaced frequently, the maintenance workload is large, and the maintenance cost is high. In order to save electricity, some garages only have half of the lamps, some are not in the garage, and the lamps are not replaced, almost in the dark.
3) Garage usage for different types of buildings. Commercial, office and medical building underground garage vehicles have a high frequency of flow, with an average of about 2 hours of flow shifting once, but there is almost no vehicle flow during non-business hours, lighting fixtures are still in a steady state; traffic buildings such as airports, railway stations and other garages There are very few vehicles flowing during midnight; the frequency of vehicles in offices, office buildings and residential quarters is low, and the morning and evening hours are peaks. During the rest of the day, there are very few vehicles and people moving, and the lights are still in a bright state. The waste of electricity is very serious.
3 Lighting design and energy saving in underground garage
3. 1 Reasonably arranged the lamp position
New garage design. The light source should adopt LED light source. The lamp should adopt 12~16W LED light source plus infrared or radar control mode, and the color temperature is about 4500K. The main roads in the warehouse should be arranged evenly. The distance between the lamps is about 7 meters (determined according to the reflectivity of the floor material). Because the height of the underground garage is low, the light source of the lamps should not be too large, and the light distribution angle should not be too small. Try to increase the uniformity of the lighting.
A luminaire is placed above each parking space for easy parking. At the entrance and exit of the vehicle, the arrangement of the lamps can be smaller, the illumination is appropriately increased, and there is a visual adaptation process. The luminaires in the open air of the vehicle entrance and exit are wall-mounted and installed. The protection level of the luminaire should be above IP55 to prevent rainwater from entering. The installation height is generally about 30cm away from the ground. The light is projected on the ground and cannot produce glare, which affects driving.
There is a garage renovation. The existing garage lighting energy-saving retrofit, using LED intelligent control lamps, light source 12 ~ 16W or so, must be through the actual investigation before the replacement of the lamps, find out the original line laying method and the installation method of the lamps, choose the appropriate replacement lamps, transformation The single lamp single control mode of the project is relatively simple, and the distribution line generally does not need to be modified.
Outdoor parking building, because there is no need to turn on the lights during the day, the LED intelligent garage lights should increase the automatic illumination control function. When the illumination in the library is lower than the specified value, the lighting fixtures can be turned on.
3. 2 light source
Garage lighting source should use LED light source, it is the most ideal application place for LED light source, one is easy to control, the other is energy saving, the third is to give full play to the application advantages of LED light source, and the fourth is to improve the cost performance of LED lighting application, and T5, T8 Compared to straight tube fluorescent lamps, the investment recovery period is generally about one year.
As we all know, the light-emitting diode (LED) white light theoretical light effect can reach more than 300lm / W, the theoretical life can reach more than 100,000 hours, due to unreasonable manufacturing and application, its service life is far from the ideal value, its industry is far from mature In the period of packaging, whether in the packaging of the chip or in the manufacture of lamps, there is a lot of room for innovation and development. In recent years, with the support and promotion of the government, the speed of development is very fast, and the price of the light source is reduced rapidly. Create good conditions for LED applications.
Garage lighting is currently suitable for replacing T5 and T8 fluorescent tubes with smart LED lights. Because LED light source has strong controllability, power variability, intelligent control, high cost performance, light efficiency is slightly higher than straight tube fluorescent lamp, not only has significant power saving effect, but also has long service life and low maintenance cost. The initial installation cost is higher, but it can be recycled in a year or so. Table 1 compares the basic technical parameters of LED intelligent garage light source and common fluorescent light source. It can be seen from the table that LED has obvious advantages in garage application and also meets its controllability.
3. 3 lighting fixtures
Because the LED is a solid-state light source, it has small volume and fast response, and can be combined with modules. The power can be adjusted at will, and the characteristics of the DC power supply drive bring great convenience to the manufacture of the lamp. The lighting fixtures can be made into various functions according to the needs, and can also be made into art lamps according to the needs of art lighting, so that the manufacture of the lamps can be freely desired.
The intelligent LED lights in the underground garage are made according to the characteristics of the garage. The underground garage LED light must be combined with the control to take advantage of the LED light source. The power control module and the LED light source module should be connected by connectors to facilitate maintenance and replacement. The shape of the luminaire should be innovative. It can't be the same as the traditional luminaire. The LED luminaire should have artistic shape. Because it is in low brightness for a long time, it generally does not need heat treatment. To reduce the consumption of materials, the material is also a part of energy saving.
The sensors currently used in garage lighting are basically divided into two types, one is an infrared sensor, and the price is low. The disadvantage is that there is a certain detection dead zone due to the limitation of the layer height and the radiation angle. The other is a radar sensor, which can overcome the shortcomings of the blind spot of the detection angle, and the price is slightly higher. The two sensors are combined with the LED lighting, which can effectively realize the lighting energy saving of the underground garage. When someone has a car moving around the light, the LED light is running at full power to meet the needs of lighting. When no one is without a car, the light is in a dormant state, maintaining a low-power illumination of about 3W, maintaining the required lighting. The minimum illumination, lighting and energy saving, its power saving rate can reach more than 80%. Figure 1 and Figure 2 are real-life photos of the intelligent control LED lights in the garage lighting application. Table 2 is a technical economic comparison table of LED intelligent lights and straight tube fluorescent lamps in underground garages.
It can be seen from Table 2 that with smart LED lights, the annual electricity saving is considerable, and it can also save a lot of property management electricity expenses and reduce maintenance workload. Figure 3 is a smart LED garage light with infrared control, and Figure 4 is a smart LED garage light with radar control.
3. 4 control methods
(1) Infrared sensor control mode. Infrared sensors have a long history of controlling the illuminating of luminaires. Initially, it started from the automatic point-off control of indoor stair lights and corridor lights. Since most of the light sources are incandescent lamps, the control is more convenient. However, compact fluorescent lamps are also used to greatly reduce the life of the light source. Also more serious. With the phasing out of incandescent lamps and the popularization of LED light sources, the application of infrared sensors has brought a wide range, the cost of lighting control has been gradually reduced, the cost performance has been continuously improved, and the energy saving effect is more obvious.
The infrared sensor works by infrared rays emitted by the human body. The infrared rays emitted by the human body are reinforced by the Fresnel filter lens and collected on the pyroelectric elements. When the human body moves, the emission position of the infrared radiation changes, and the component loses its electrical balance and is converted into an electrical signal, that is, thermoelectric conversion. . 4微米。 The normal temperature of the human body is about 36 degrees Celsius, the far infrared ray peak is 9. 4μm. By detecting the change in the difference between the surface temperature of the human body and the ambient temperature, the generated electrical signal determines whether or not someone is active and outputs a signal. There are many types of infrared sensors, and their applications are also extensive. There are many types of sensor components and lens designs, which are generally divided into large-area and small-area types. In recent years, micro-sensors have been developed in lighting fixtures, such as garage light series, staircase light series, hotel room lighting series.
Infrared sensors are widely used because of their low price and generally do not require adjustment. It is very important to master the characteristics and use environment when designing the luminaire, and to apply the sensor correctly, and strive to reduce the manufacturing cost of the luminaire.
(2) Radar sensor control mode. Radar (microwave) sensors have many applications and have a long history. In the early days, they were widely used in military, shipping, automotive, level measurement, and life detection. The performance of the products is stable and reliable. The range of the radar is related to the pulse width and the vertical width of the beam. For example, the pulse width is 0.01 microseconds, and the resolution of the distance is about 25 meters. A radar is a device that detects and measures target information by transmitting electromagnetic waves and echoes. According to this feature, a miniature sensor and a luminaire have been developed to realize the control of the luminaire, which is convenient for use and energy saving. Table 3 compares the performance of infrared sensors and radar (ultrasonic) sensors commonly used in luminaire control systems. During engineering design, appropriate control methods can be selected according to their characteristics.
(3) Control system. The control system is divided into two types: single-lamp single-control independent control mode and integrated system control mode. The independent control method of single lamp single control is to combine the sensor and the light source in one lamp. When the sensor senses the moving signal, the lamp is all lit; when the signal disappears, after a delay of about 1 minute, the lighting fixture is kept low. Power lighting status. This method is simple in wiring, easy to install and maintain, and is also suitable for lighting energy-saving renovation of existing garages.
The integrated control system is highly intelligent. The system not only includes intelligent control of the luminaire, but also includes parking space detection, providing the number of parking spaces and parking places, entry and exit vehicle statistics, surveillance video and other functions, and can also increase fire protection. And emergency evacuation function. The garage lighting introduces the sensor intelligent control system, the main functions are:
1) Energy is fully and effectively utilized, energy efficiency is improved, and energy saving effect is remarkable. During driving and parking, the lights are highlighted in the range of lighting required to meet the lighting needs of vehicles and pedestrians. When the pedestrian vehicle leaves, the delay is 1 to 2 minutes, and the light is in a low-light sleep state, achieving the purpose of energy-saving control.
2) Improve comfort and dimming control, which can easily meet the requirements of humanity.
3) Extend the life of the light source. Due to the long-term low brightness of the LED light source, the temperature rise is slower and the temperature is lower, which is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the LED light source.
4) Reduce the cost of LED lamps and the amount of metal materials. Since the LED light source has a short highlighting time, generally no special heat treatment is required, the amount of heat-dissipating metal material is reduced, the specific amount of the lamp and the manufacturing cost are reduced, and the engineering cost is also reduced.
5) Reduce maintenance costs and improve lighting quality. Since the lamp tube does not need to be replaced frequently, a lot of labor costs and lamp replacement costs are saved, the lighting state of the lighting fixture is guaranteed, and the lighting quality is improved.
4 Problems in luminaire manufacturing and engineering installation
There are problems with the manufacture of LED luminaires. Since many companies producing LED lamps are new-type enterprises, most of them do not have experience in producing lamps. There are some problems in the production of lamps, mainly in the following aspects.
1) GB 50303—2002 “Code for Acceptance of Construction Electrical Engineering Construction†19.1 stipulates: “When the weight of the luminaire is greater than 3kg, it is fixed on the bolt or the embedded hookâ€. The luminaires larger than 0. 5kg are installed by hanging chains. Many fixtures with a weight greater than 3kg do not have the conditions for fixing bolts and mounting hangers, which brings a lot of inconvenience to the installation of the lamps.
2) The outer guide wire has a small cross section, which does not meet the requirements of GB 50303—2002 “Building Electrical Engineering Construction Quality Acceptance Specificationâ€. 19.1, 19.2 The outer lead of the lamp is specified, and the indoor civil building is The copper wire is 0. 5 mm2. The indoor industrial building is a copper wire 1. 0 mm2. 5mm2。 The outer conductor of the luminaire is greater than 1. 5mm2. Mainly consider the mechanical strength of the wire and the breaking capacity of the distribution line protection.
3) Small luminaires can be directly attached to the 86 series junction box. However, the mounting holes and outlet holes of many luminaires are not standard and cannot be matched with the 86 series junction box and conduit.
4) The shape of the lamp is not much different from the traditional lamp. It is not beautiful, no innovation, and does not reflect the characteristics of the LED.
5) The reliability of some products control power supply is not high, the interchangeability is not strong, the product is unstable, the quality is not good, the overall maintenance is not convenient, and the part of the light source and the control power supply must be replaced as a whole, which not only affects the overall service life. And waste a lot of resources.
6) Garage lighting is functional lighting, and some LED garage lights have problems with unreasonable light distribution and large glare.
7) The safety protection grounding does not meet the requirements of the relevant national regulations. The garage lights are a type of luminaire, and the metal casing lacks the PE line connection port.
5 Conclusion
In summary, LED has a wide range of applications and development space in garage lighting, and has its huge commercial potential. With the advancement of LED technology, the improvement of cost performance and the rich experience of practical applications, LED lighting applications will be fast. Enter the track of commercialization, serialization, scale, and standardization.
LED lighting application and lighting power saving work is a comprehensive problem. It requires a lot of support and attention, carefully sums up the positive and negative experiences, correctly applies LED lighting, and encourages, supports, supports and promotes this emerging industry. This will have a practical significance for promoting the healthy development of China's LED lighting industry, alleviating the country's current power supply tension, saving money, achieving a low-carbon economy, and energy conservation and emission reduction.
Grow Light Quantum Board bar, we have 320w, 480w, 640w, 800w for you to choose. use samsung chips and meanwell driver, 5 yrs warranty time. Full Spectrum Led Grow Light Bar can cover a larger area. Lighthouse Hydro has formulated their lights to maximize the color spectrum needed for vegetative or flowering growth. This unit has 6 Bands (6 unique color wavelengths) and uses 3W LED diodes for the best possible light penetration.
Size Name: 720w | Color Name: Red: 630, 660nm, Blue: 425nm, Infrared: 730nm, Orange: 610nm, White: 6000k
Application photo:
Indoor grow tent.
Led Grow Light Bar ,Led Grow Bar,Full Spectrum Led Grow Light Bar ,Grow Bar Light
Shenzhen Wenyi Lighting Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.wycngrow.com