On May 25th to May 25th, 3GPP of International Communication Standardization Organization held a meeting in Busan, South Korea to discuss the 5G's first independent deployment (SA) standard, which attracted wide attention in the industry. This is a milestone and is expected to be the first in June this year. A 5G independent deployment standard will be released. However, the 5G standard to be frozen is mainly aimed at enhancing mobile broadband communication between people, and does not involve an IoT scenario with low power consumption and large connections. Recently, GSMA released the report "Mobile Internet of Things in the Future of 5G", pointing out that NB-IoT/eMTC represents the mobile Internet of Things (M-IoT) as part of the future 5G IoT strategy, clarifying the NB- now commercialized. The relationship between IoT/eMTC and the future 5G, the low-power large connections based on cellular networks in the next few years still rely mainly on NB-IoT and eMTC.
The 5G standard plan that meets the ITU's low-power large connection requirements has not yet been determined
As we all know, 5G mainly covers three major scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), high reliability ultra low latency (uRLLC) and large-scale machine communication (mMTC). Among them, uRLLC and mMTC are the application requirements for the Internet of Things, and mMTC is designed for the future scenarios of low power consumption, low bandwidth, low cost and low latency. However, from the current progress of 5G standards, the mMTC standard is the most controversial area. According to the previous 5G standard plan, the standard of independent networking was completed in June 2018. The 3GPP conference in Busan, Korea, which was recently highly concerned by everyone, was held for this plan; by the end of 2019, the R16 version was issued to meet the requirements of the International Telecommunication Union ( The ITU requires all 5G standards, but for now, this plan may be delayed, and the controversy lies in the standards for large-scale machine communication.
However, at the 79th plenary session of the 3GPP wireless access network held in Chennai, India on March 19-22 this year, in the proposal for R16, it was clear that the R16 version of the 5G new air interface will not be a low-power wide-area Internet of Things. The use cases for research and standardization, low-power wide-area IoT use cases will continue to rely on the evolution of NB-IoT and eMTC. That is to say, the standardization of the low-power large connection scenario in strict accordance with the ITU vision and requirements will not be completed in the R16 version at the end of 2019. The standard plan for this scenario has not yet been finalized, so the complete 5G standard release time Not yet determined.
Incorporating NB-IoT and eMTC into the 5G IoT family
Since the scene standardization plan for mMTC in R16 is not fixed, but in the face of the already existing low-power large-connected IoT demand, there must always be related technologies to support, and the same 3GPP-led cellular communication standard has already been fixed. The commercial-proven NB-IoT and eMTC and their future evolution are absorbed into the 5G IoT family.
The revolution of 5G is not only because it covers more application scenarios and more complex technologies, but also because it is more inclusive. Therefore, one of the cores of 5G is to be able to support and be compatible with multiple access technologies, such as satellite and WiFi. The fixed network and other 3GPP technologies realize interoperability and serve the purpose of serving a large number of different use cases. This also creates conditions for NB-IoT and eMTC, which are the technical standards of 3GPP, to become 5G components.
Of course, the inclusion of NB-IoT and eMTC in the 5G IoT family is not unilaterally determined by 3GPP. The 3GPP has conducted multiple evaluations for the requirements of the International Telecommunication Union. In general, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) proposes the vision and needs of 5G, and the 3GPP organization's major global manufacturers promote the work of standard specifications to meet the KPI proposed by the ITU, and finally adopted by the ITU as an international standard. In the past period of time, 3GPP proposed to the ITU that NB-IoT and eMTC meet ITU's requirements for 5G Internet of Things, conducted a large number of evaluation studies, and proposed at the 79th plenary session that low-power wide-area IoT use cases will continue to rely on Evolution of NB-IoT and eMTC.
NB-IoT/eMTC meets 5G IoT needs assessment
At the 3GPP conference in Athens, Greece, relevant companies submitted a needs assessment report for NB-IoT and eMTC to meet the 5G mMTC connection density. The relevant report concluded that NB-IoT and eMTC meet the ITU-provided 5G mMTC connection density. Demand, this gives NB-IoT and eMTC the basis for the inclusion of the 5G IoT family. The two assessment reports are as shown above.
In March of this year, 20 well-known manufacturers such as Sierra Wireless, Ericsson, and Altair jointly released an evaluation report that LTE-M (eMTC) meets 5G requirements. The report is from unit capacity bandwidth demand, data rate, message delay, battery life, etc. The evaluation of various aspects shows that the performance of eMTC is fully in line with the requirements of the 5G Internet of Things proposed by ITU.
Evaluation results of 20 companies meeting eMTC's 5G needs
In addition to the low-power large connection scenario, there are many components of 5G that will be standardized and commercialized faster. Therefore, NB-IoT and eMTC need to coexist with other technologies of 5G for a long time. One of the 3GPP's efforts to do this is to support NB-IoT and eMTC deployment in 5G NR bands.
In addition, in order to realize the support of NB-IoT and eMTC on the 5G system side, 3GPP started to investigate the 5G core network to support NB-IoT and eMTC radio access networks in this April report, so that operators can keep NB- Smooth upgrade to 5G NR in the case of IoT and eMTC network deployment.
The report studies 5G systems supporting NB-IoT/eMTC
After extensive evaluation and standardization efforts, NB-IoT and eMTC and its evolution have been part of the 5G IoT, and for a long time, low-power wide-area IoT applications based on cellular networks It mainly relies on NB-IoT and eMTC to carry it until the future 5G mMTC standard freezes and is commercially available on a large scale.
Fanaticism and rationality: the development of 5G Internet of Things still needs scaled demand
Public opinion is enthusiastic about 5G, and the first standard of 5G has also provided conditions for rapid commercialization after this year's freeze. However, trial commercials can be driven by standards and technologies, but large-scale commercialization ultimately requires large-scale demand-driven. Similarly, the order of 5G standardization supporting the three major scenarios is also a factor that is largely demand driven.
(1) Enhance mobile broadband with a large-scale commercial base, but the development speed will not be too fast
The non-independent networking standards that were frozen in December last year and the upcoming independent networking standards are mainly for enhancing mobile broadband (eMBB). This part of the standard is the first to complete because of the need to enhance mobile broadband. Compared with low latency, high reliability and low power consumption, the connection is more obvious and has the possibility of scale.
In the past few years, 4G network commercialization has brought about the large-scale demand and users of mobile broadband (MBB), which has realized explosive growth of traffic and promoted the prosperity of all links in the industrial chain such as chips and terminals. Based on the long-term accumulation of MBB and the demand for large bandwidth, eMBB further upgrades the bandwidth and rate to achieve a better user experience and meets applications such as ultra-high definition video and AR/VR. From this perspective, the eMBB scene has both accumulated. The foundation has new requirements, so it makes sense to promote rapid standardization and commercialization.
China 5G connection forecast
However, even with this commercial-based scenario, 5G eMBB is not expected to achieve explosive growth. GSMA experts have pointed out: "Although 5G is popular, the largest growth is expected to be 4G by 2025." The China 5G Report jointly released by GSMA and China Unicom Institute also shows that the 5G deployment speed and popularity process is expected to be slower than 4G. The 5G network is mainly deployed as a hotspot technology to supplement the existing network capacity. The operators indicated that they will come according to their needs. Network deployment.
(2) First, do NB-IoT/eMTC to achieve low-power large connection IoT demand work
Since 4G mobile broadband has accumulated years of scale and demand verification, the development of enhanced mobile broadband in the 5G era is still expected to be slower than 4G. As an emerging low-power large-connected IoT demand, there has been no large-scale commercial use in the past many years. The accumulation of demand for the future is still on the various forecast data, so the work of standardization and commercial promotion is not so urgent. In my opinion, this factor is an important reason why 3GPP postponed the mMTC standardization in R16 and incorporated the existing NB-IoT/eMTC standard into the 5G Internet of Things.
From the market situation, the NB-IoT/eMTC standard has been frozen for two years since 2016. We have not seen the explosive growth of IoT applications using this technology. The scenario of low-power large connections has not been realized. The accumulation of demand. Imagine that when the Internet of Things scenario faced by NB-IoT/eMTC has not yet formed a scale, will the 5G mMTC of the NB-IoT/eMTC upgrade version be scaled up? In actual commercial use, NB-IoT/eMTC only achieves an average of hundreds of terminals per base station, and the capacity of tens of thousands of terminals is vastly different, achieving 1 million terminals per square kilometer. What is the significance of the 5G mMTC standard?
From the perspective of the maturity of the industry chain, the future 5G mMTC needs to achieve the goal of low-power and large-connection through new technologies such as new multiple access, which will inevitably put new requirements on the industry chain, chips, modules, base stations, Terminals and other links need to be completely upgraded, and the initial cost may remain high; while NB-IoT/eMTC can reuse various resources of the LTE industry chain, and the relative cost is lower. Therefore, in order to meet the low-cost demand of the Internet of Things, it is preferable to adopt a gradual approach. First, NB-IoT/eMTC will promote the maturity of the industry chain and reduce costs. Then, the evolution of NB-IoT/eMTC will gradually transition to 5G mMTC. on.
With the acceleration of the development of 5G standards, there are some pursuits for 5G fanaticism, including some misleading remarks. The typical one is that "5G will be commercialized in 2020, and 5G will replace NB immediately. -IoT, NB-IoT's current investment will be wasted, and even some so-called "experts" have similar remarks in public. From the efforts of the 3GPP standardization organization and the ITU, even if 5G is commercialized from 2019 to 2020, NB-IoT/eMTC will be the main communication method for cellular Internet of Things in the next few years, NB-IoT/eMTC has Become an integral part of the 5G Internet of Things. This market has just opened and looks forward to more rational voices in the industry.
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