Lighting power is the most basic power demand of factory enterprises, and lighting power accounts for about 10% of the total, and is still growing. The lighting system's efficacy depends on the light source, optical lens or reflector, and ballast or drive circuitry. Among the various new light sources, the most noticeable are semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Especially white LEDs, which have the potential advantages unmatched by general light sources in terms of light efficiency (theoretical light effect 350 lm/W) and lifetime, and are facing the possibility of breakthrough.
In the construction of Beichuan New County, 70% use LED street lights, and 30% use energy-saving high-pressure nano lamps to actively promote the use of new materials, new energy and new technologies. Nowadays, the application of LED in the field of street lamps and industrial and mining lamps belongs to the development stage. In recent years, the country has adjusted its economic structure to change its economic growth mode, and the low-carbon economy will become a new hot spot. Due to the short life span of metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps, bulbs, ballasts and trigger devices need to be replaced every 2 years. The lamp holders need to be replaced once every 5 years. The use of electric light sources and lighting fixtures with longer service life, higher luminous efficiency, safety and reliability, and simple and convenient maintenance will be the future development direction. LED luminaires will have great potential for these requirements.
1 LED technology features
LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a semiconductor light-emitting diode that uses a solid semiconductor chip as a light-emitting material. When a forward voltage is applied to both ends, carriers in the semiconductor recombine to emit excess energy, thereby causing photon emission to generate visible light.
1) Rapid improvement of light efficiency: Up to now, the practical light efficiency of the product can reach 70lm/W~90lm/W. According to reports, the US laboratory data reaches 160lm/W, and there is an increasing trend, which is expected in the next 3 years. ~5 years, practical light efficiency of 150lm / W ~ 200lm / W is possible, by then it is likely to become the most efficient light source;
2) Good starting performance, fast and reliable, only millisecond response time, can achieve full light output, can be used for emergency lighting system;
3) LED directional radiation within a certain beam angle, used for spotlights, downlights and other lamps, is conducive to improve the down-light ratio, convenient dimming, and strong controllability;
4) Good anti-shock performance, good moisture resistance and long life;
5) Mercury free, excellent environmental performance;
6) For landscape, decoration, advertising, signal and other occasions, with good dimming performance, easy to achieve digital control.
The so-called luminaire efficiency (referred to as light effect) refers to the ratio of the total luminous flux emitted by the luminaire to the electric power consumed by the light source. High light efficiency means energy saving for the country, which means saving money for the user, ie the same illuminance can be achieved with a lower wattage source. Traditional metal halide lamp and sodium lamp source have low light utilization efficiency.
1) The light on the four sides of the light is blocked by the light source itself;
2) The light-emitting point is large, and it is difficult to make an optical design. The exit spot does not overlap with the required effective illumination surface and wastes part of the light.
In order to ensure the color temperature and life of the metal halide lamp, the power supply voltage requirement of the power grid shall not exceed 5% in a short period of time, and the long-term fluctuation shall not exceed 3%. A large voltage change will shorten the life of the metal halide lamp source and cause color drift. LED driver switching power supply input voltage range AC176-264V, regulated DC low-voltage output, normal operation is affected by voltage fluctuations.
Table 1 Comparison of main technical parameters of LED lamps and metal halide lamps
2 illuminance analysis
Calculate the average illuminance (Eav)
Application of the coefficient method formula: Eav=N·Φ·U·K/S
Where Φ is the luminous flux, N is the number of light sources, U is the utilization factor, A is the working surface area, and K is the lamp maintenance factor.
Chamber space ratio formula: RCR=5hr·(l+b)/l·b (room shape index: RI=5/RCR)
Where l is the chamber length, m; b is the chamber width, m; hr is the chamber space is high, m check the lamp maintenance factor
U (manufacturer sample) can be obtained according to the room space RCR and the reflection ratio of the ceiling, the wall surface and the ground.
Figure 1 Gear shop floor lighting plan
The average illuminance calculation on the working surface of the machine gear processing workshop of Hebei Iron and Steel Group Xuangong Company:
Gear workshop length L=90m, width b=36m, lamp suspension height 8.0m; working surface height 1.5m; room space hr =6.5m, RCR=5·6.5(90+36)/90·36=1.26, number of lamps N=84ç›.
250W metal halide lamp: Eav=84·20 000·0.60·0.8/90·36=248.9lx
105W LED lamp: Eav=84·8400·0.8·0.8/90·36=174.2lx
The actual results are shown in Figures 2 and 3.
3 power saving benefit analysis
Hebei Xuangong gear box processing workshop lighting renovation If the use of metal halide lamps, the initial metal halide lamp (unit price of about 850 yuan) input costs about 60,000 yuan (Â¥ 71 400), such as the use of LED lamps (unit price of about 3,000 yuan), The input cost is 260,000 yuan (Â¥252 000). Although the cost of using LED lamps has increased by 180,600 yuan, it can save more than 60%. From the cost of maintaining the lamps during the period of use, the annual maintenance cost of each metal halide lamp is about 150 yuan, and the annual maintenance cost of LED lights is about 20 yuan. The annual cost savings after using LED lights are as follows:
Saving energy every year: 4 0471kW·h
Annual electricity savings: 32 377 yuan
Annual average lamp maintenance costs: 10 920 yuan
Annual savings total: 43 297 yuan
The cost of increasing the investment of 180,600 yuan will take 4 to 5 years to recover through annual savings. (According to the average lighting time of 8 hours per day, the calculation is about 0.8 yuan per kilowatt hour.
Metal Halide Lamps: Due to the short life of the light source and ballast distributor, the maintenance cost of the lamps is about 30,000 yuan for 30,000 hours (30 000 hours / 8 hours / 365 days). The total cost of using 30,000 hours is about 740,000 yuan (total cost = product input cost + electricity cost + maintenance cost).
LED lamps: LED lamps are put into use for up to 30,000 hours at a time, and the total cost of LED lamps for 30,000 hours is about 480,000 yuan.
Factory lighting should consider the economic, energy-saving and rational requirements comprehensively. The economics should not be closely related to the initial investment. Instead, the total lighting cost (equipment depreciation, annual maintenance, and lighting) should be considered. The most energy-efficient light source lamps should be selected under the same level of illumination. At present, the price of LED is relatively high. The investment in the previous period is higher than that of the traditional lamps. However, the cost of electricity and maintenance is far beyond the input cost of the lamps. From the operating cost of 30,000 hours, the LED lamps can be used for a long time. Significant economic benefits and emission reduction benefits can be obtained.
4 analysis of emission reduction benefits
According to the data provided by the national energy conservation department, each saving of 1 kWh can be equivalent to reducing the use of standard coal by 0.35kg, reducing the use of pure water by 4kg, reducing the emission of CO2 (carbon dioxide) by 0.78kg, reducing the emission of SO2 (sulphur dioxide) by 0.0263kg, and reducing emissions. NOX (nitrogen oxide) 0.0131 kg, reducing TSP (total suspended solids) 0.238k. As a result, Hebei Xuangong gearbox processing workshop reduced the standard coal by 14.2t per year and reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 31.6t. The application of LED lights in the field of factory lighting will have a major impetus to enterprises in responding to national energy conservation and emission reduction, low-carbon economy, and the market has great development prospects.
Edit: Cedar
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